Nissan Skyline R31 — this is not just a car, but a symbol of the era. Released in 1985, it became a bridge between the classic "boxes" R30 and revolutionary R32, which laid the foundation for the legendary GT-R. The R31 is often underrated, but it was the first model to feature all-wheel drive. ATTESA (though only in racing versions), series turbo engines RB and aggressive design that anticipated the 90s.
For Japanese market Skyline R31 was available in sedan, hardtop and even station wagon bodies, and export versions (for example, Nissan Laurels or Infiniti G20) received other names. But the true value of the R31 lies in its technical content: it debuted here engine RB20DET - the same one that later became the basis for tuning projects around the world. The R31 is a rarity today, but its modification potential and historical significance make it a coveted piece for collectors and enthusiasts. JDM.
Creation history: how the R31 changed the Skyline
Development Nissan Skyline R31 began in the early 80s, when the company was faced with the need to respond to a challenge Toyota Supra And Mazda RX-7. The engineers set an ambitious task: to create a car that would combine the comfort of a premium sedan with the dynamics of a sports coupe. The result exceeded expectations - R31 became the first Skyline, which was officially exported outside of Japan (under the brand Nissan And Infiniti).
Key milestones in the history of the model:
- 📅 October 1985 - debut at the Tokyo Motor Show. The basic version was equipped with atmospheric CA18i (1.8 l, 100 hp), but a year later it appeared RB20DET with a turbine.
- 🏁 1986 - victory in class
Group Aat the races Japanese Touring Car Championship (JTCC). Racing version Skyline RS-X Turbo C got all-wheel drive ATTESA - a prototype of a system that later became famous in GT-R R32. - 🌍 1987–1989 - start of export to Europe and Australia under the name Nissan Skyline 2000. In the USA the model was sold as Infiniti G20 (later, in 1990).
- 🛑 1989 - discontinuation in favor R32. In total, approximately 200,000 copies, but less than 10% survived.
The R31 was the first Skyline to feature electronic suspension control HICAS (High Capacity Actively Controlled Suspension) - the predecessor of modern adaptive chassis. This technology made it possible to automatically adjust the stiffness of the shock absorbers depending on driving style, which was innovative for the mid-80s.
- Sedan
- Hardtop (coupe)
- Station wagon (Wagon)
- Racing version RS-X
Technical characteristics: engines and transmissions
One of the main trump cards R31 there was a variety of power units. Basic versions were equipped with naturally aspirated engines of the series CA And L, but the real interest is the turbocharged ones RB. Here is the complete list of engines:
| Engine model | Volume | Power (hp) | Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA18i | 1.8 l | 100 | Atmospheric, R4 | Basic motor for export versions |
| CA18ET | 1.8 l | 130 | Turbo, R4 | The first turbo engine in the R31 line |
| RB20E | 2.0 l | 130 | Atmospheric, R6 | Reliable, but weak for its size |
| RB20ET | 2.0 l | 180 | Turbo, R6 | Popular for swapping to more powerful RBs |
| RB20DET | 2.0 l | 210 | Turbo, R6, intercooler | Top engine for civilian versions |
Transmissions on the R31 were also offered in a wide range: from a 4-speed automatic to a 5-speed manual with limited slip (LSD). The rarest option is all-wheel drive. ATTESA, which was installed only on racing RS-X Turbo C. By the way, this system was hydraulic, and not electronic, as in subsequent generations.
⚠️ Attention: When purchasing an R31 with engine RB20DET be sure to check the condition of the turbine T25 — its resource rarely exceeds 150,000 km. Also pay attention to the oil pump: its wear can lead to “oil starvation” and engine seizure.
Options and rare versions: what collectors should look for
Nissan Skyline R31 was offered in several trim levels, each of which had its own characteristics. The most popular today are sports versions with indexes RS And GTS. Here's a quick overview:
- 🚗 1800 Turbo (CA18ET) — budget turbo version for the domestic market. Power is 130 hp, but tuning potential is limited.
- 🏎️ 2000 Turbo RS (RB20ET) - "golden mean". The motor can handle up to 300 hp. after modifications, but requires strengthening of the box.
- 🔥 GTS-R (RB20DET) - top civilian version. 210 hp, intercooler, reinforced suspension. Rarity - only about 5,000 copies.
- 🏁 RS-X Turbo C (RB20DET + ATTESA) - racing version for
Group A. All-wheel drive, lightweight body, power up to 280 hp. after modifications. The auction price exceeds $50,000.
For collectors, versions with all-wheel drive And manual transmission. It is also worth paying attention to limited editions, such as Skyline 2000 GTS-X with leather interior and digital instrument panel. Another rarity - Skyline Wagon (station wagon), produced in a circulation of less than 2,000 pieces.
How to distinguish the original RS-X Turbo C?
The original racing version has the following features:
- Wide wheel arches (fenders widened by 20 mm on each side).
- Lack of rear seats (replaced with a roll cage).
- Unique 16-inch wheels Speedline with central nut.
- Red brake calipers Nissan Competition.
- The license plate on the front bumper is shifted to the left (for better radiator cooling).
Weaknesses and typical problems of R31
Despite its legendary status, Nissan Skyline R31 has a number of “diseases” that every potential owner should know about. The main problems are related to the age of the car and the specifics of Japanese engineering of the 80s.
Top 5 vulnerabilities:
- 🔥 Engine overheating — a weak point of the cooling system: radiators often become clogged and thermostats fail. It is recommended to replace it with an aluminum radiator from Koyorad.
- 🛢️ Oil leaks — the crankshaft and camshaft oil seals “harden” over time. Motors are especially affected RB20 after 200,000 km.
- ⚡ Electrics - oxidation of contacts in the fuse box and malfunctions ECU (especially on versions with a turbine).
- 🦵 Suspension — wear of silent blocks and ball joints. Rear pillars HICAS often require repair or shutdown.
- 🔧 Gearbox - on versions with RB20DET the weak point is the 2nd and 3rd gear synchronizers. With power above 250 hp. It is recommended to install a gearbox from R32 GT-R.
⚠️ Attention: If you are planning to tune RB20DET, be sure to strengthen the fuel system! The standard fuel pump and injectors are not designed for pressures higher than 0.8 bar. Optimal upgrade: pump Walbro 255 l/h + injectors Nismo 550cc.
☑️ Checklist before purchasing R31
Tuning R31: from naturally aspirated to 500+ hp.
Nissan Skyline R31 — an ideal platform for tuning, especially when it comes to series engines RB. Even basic RB20ET can be increased to 300 hp without major modifications to the block, and RB20DET capable of producing 400+ hp. with the right approach. The main advantage of the R31 over later models is its lightweight body (about 1,200 kg) and simple electronics.
Popular modification directions:
- 🔥 Power increase:
- Swap on RB25DET or RB26DETT (from GT-R R32).
- Turbine installation Garrett GT2860 or Tomei M82.
- Chip tuning ECU (popular firmware from Haltech or Apexi Power FC).
- 🛠️ Transmission reinforcement:
- Replacing the clutch with Nismo or Spec.
- Installing a limited differential Cusco or Nismo.
- 🏁 Chassis and brakes:
- Replacing racks with Tein or BC Racing.
- Installing brake calipers from R32 GT-R (4-piston).
One of the most ambitious projects based on the R31 is the construction of an all-wheel drive version with a motor RB26DETT and checkpoint from GT-R. Such cars are capable of competing with modern sports sedans, but require serious investments (from $20,000 for spare parts only).
If you are planning a swap on the RB26, pay attention to the engine mounts - they do not line up with the original R31 points. You will need custom subframes or adapters from Spline Drive.
R31 on the secondary market: prices and where to look
Cost Nissan Skyline R31 on the secondary market varies greatly depending on the condition, configuration and history of the car. In Japan, prices start at ¥800,000 (about $5,500) for a tired copy with a motor CA18i, while the top versions GTS-R or RS-X can cost $30,000+. In Europe and the USA the situation is different - due to rarity and status JDM classics prices are 30–50% higher.
| Market | Price (USD) | Condition | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Japan (auctions) | $5 000–$15 000 | From "projects" to good condition | Cheapest, but the risk of hidden problems |
| USA/Canada | $12 000–$40 000 | From restored to museum pieces | High prices due to "25-year import" status |
| Europe (Germany, Netherlands) | $10 000–$25 000 | Mostly in good condition | Problems with registration in some countries |
| Australia/New Zealand | $8 000–$20 000 | Miscellaneous, often right-hand drive | Popular for drifting and track days |
Where to look:
- 🇯🇵 Japanese auctions (USS Auctions, Goonex) - the widest choice, but you need the help of an importer.
- 🇺🇸 American sites (JDM Buyer, Japanese Classics) - many restored copies.
- 🇪🇺 European forums (Skyline Owners Club, JDM Underground) - Rare versions are often sold.
⚠️ Attention: When importing R31 from Japan, please note year of manufacture. Cars over 25 years old can be imported into the US without modifications (rule "25-year import law"), but in Europe environmental improvements may be required (catalyst, lambda probe).
R31 in culture: cinema, games and legends
Nissan Skyline R31 not as popular in popular culture as R32 or R34, but he also left his mark. For example, in Japanese cinema of the 80s, this model was often associated with the "yakuza" and street racing. One of the most famous episodes is the chase R31 in the film "Black Rain" (1989) with Michael Douglas.
R31 appears less often in video games, but still:
- 🎮 Gran Turismo 2 - the first game in the series where appeared Skyline GTS-R (R31).
- 🎮 Forza Horizon 4 — R31 added in update "Japanese Cars Pack".
- 🎮 Initial D Arcade Stage - racing version RS-X Turbo C available as a rare car.
Among the legends associated with the R31, the story of the "ghost race" on the track stands out. Touge in Gunma Prefecture. According to stories, in 1988, a local racer Skyline R31 with motor RB20DET set a time record that even more modern machines could not beat. Whether this is true or fiction is unknown, but the story has become part of folklore JDM-cultures.
The R31 is the last Skyline to retain the spirit of the "analog" cars of the 80s. Its simple design (compared to the R32) makes it an ideal canvas for restoration and tuning, and its historical value only increases with each passing year.
FAQ: answers to frequently asked questions about the Nissan Skyline R31
❓ Is it possible to install the VR38 engine from the GT-R R35 on the R31?
Technically yes, but this is an extremely complex and expensive project. You will need:
- Custom subframe for motor mounting.
- Replacement of all electrics (VR38 requires CAN buses, which is not in R31).
- Transmission modification (the R35 gearbox will not work without an adapter).
A more reasonable option is swap to RB26DETT or 2JZ-GTE (from Toyota Supra).
❓ What kind of oil should I put in RB20DET?
For RB20DET Recommended semi-synthetics or synthetics with viscosity:
- 10W-40 - for temperate climates.
- 5W-40 - for cold regions.
Important: avoid oils with a high content of detergent additives - they can damage the seals. Optimal brands: Motul 300V, Liqui Moly Leichtlauf.
❓ How to disable the HICAS system?
Many owners turn off HICAS because of its unreliability. Methods:
- Mechanical: Removing hydraulic lines and blocking the valve.
- Electrical: cut off fuse
HICAS(located in the block under the hood). - Software: flashing ECU (requires a specialist).
After disconnection, it is recommended to install reinforced steering rack rods.
❓ How much does a complete restoration of an R31 cost?
The cost depends on the condition of the car:
- $5 000–$10 000 — cosmetic repairs (paint, interior, small parts).
- $15 000–$30 000 — Engine overhaul + suspension replacement.
- $40 000+ — complete restoration to “as from the factory” condition with original spare parts.
The most expensive elements are body panels (especially fenders and hood) and original optics.
❓ Is it possible to drive the R31 in winter?
Yes, but with reservations:
- Rear wheel drive versions (RWD) prone to skidding - installation of winter tires is required.
- All-wheel drive ATTESA more stable, but the system is sensitive to low temperatures (hydraulic fluid thickens).
- It is recommended to insulate the radiator and use antifreeze with a freezing point no higher
-30°C.